References --- Breast Cancer and PCBs

Adami HO, Lipworth L, Titus-Ernstoff L, Hsieh CC, Hanberg A, Ahlborg U, Baron J, Trichopoulos D.  Organochlorine compounds and estrogen-related cancers in women.  Cancer Causes Control 1995 Nov;6(6):551-66 Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Sweden.

Ahlborg UG, Lipworth L, Titus-Ernstoff L, Hsieh C-C, Hanberg A, Baron J, Trichopoulos D, Adami H-O.   Organochlorine Compounds in Relation to Breast Cancer, Endometrial Cancer, and Endometriosis: An Assessment of the Biological and Epidemiological Evidence. Source: CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology, Vol. 25, No. 6, pages 463-531, 318 references, 1995

Ahmed MT, Loutfy N, El Shiekh E. Residue levels of DDE and PCBs in the blood serum of women in the Port Said region of Egypt.  J Hazard Mater 2002 Jan 4;89(1):41-8  Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt. motawfic@gega.net

Allen JR, Norback DH.   Carcinogenic Potential of the Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Source: Origins of Human Cancer. Book A. Incidence of Cancer in Humans, H. H. Hiatt, J. D. Watson, and J. A. Winsten, Editors; Cold Spring Harbor Conferences on Cell Proliferation, Vol. 4, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, pages 173-186, 51 references, 1977

Andersson PL, Blom A, Johannisson A, Pesonen M, Tysklind M, Berg AH, Olsson PE, Norrgren L.  Assessment of PCBs and hydroxylated PCBs as potential xenoestrogens: In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes.  Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1999 Aug;37(2):145-50 Department of Environmental Chemistry, Umea University, SE-901 87 Umea, Sweden.  http://link.springer-ny. com/link/service/journals/00244/bibs/37n2p145.html

Arcaro KF, Yi L, Seegal RF, Vakharia DD, Yang Y, Spink DC, Brosch K, Gierthy JF.  2,2',6,6'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl is estrogenic in vitro and in vivo.  J Cell Biochem 1999 Jan 1;72(1):94-102 School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, 12222, USA.

Arcaro KF, Vakharia DD, Yang Y, Gierthy JF.  Lack of synergy by mixtures of weakly estrogenic hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls and pesticides.  Environ Health Perspect 1998 Aug;106 Suppl 4:1041-6   School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, USA.

Archibeque-Engle SL, Tessari JD, Winn DT, Keefe TJ, Nett TM, Zheng T.  Comparison of organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in human breast adipose tissue and serum. J Toxicol Environ Health 1997 Nov;52(4):285-93 Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.

Archibeque-Engle S, Tessari JD, Winn DT.  Quality assurance/quality control procedures for chlorinated hydrocarbons in human breast adipose tissue.  J Toxicol Environ Health 1996 Dec 27;49(6):589-98 Department of Environmental Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA.

Aronson KJ, Miller AB, Woolcott CG, Sterns EE, McCready DR, Lickley LA, Fish EB, Hiraki GY, Holloway C, Ross T, Hanna WM, SenGupta SK, Weber JP.  Breast adipose tissue concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and other organochlorines and breast cancer risk.  Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000 Jan;9(1):55-63 Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. aronson@post.queensu.ca

Aschengrau A, Coogan PF, Quinn M, Cashins LJ.  Occupational exposure to estrogenic chemicals and the occurrence of breast cancer: an exploratory analysis.  Am J Ind Med 1998 Jul;34(1):6-14 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.

Behnisch PA, Fujii K, Shiozaki K, Kawakami I, Sakai S.  Estrogenic and dioxin-like potency in each step of a controlled landfill leachate treatment plant in Japan.  Chemosphere 2001 May-Jun;43(4-7):977-84  Takasago Research Laboratories, Life Science RD Centre Kaneka Corporation, Japan. behnisch@takaken.kaneka.co.jp

Blackwood A, Wolff M, Rundle A, Estabrook A, Schnabel F, Mooney LA, Rivera M, Channing KM, Perera FP.  Organochlorine compounds (DDE and PCB) in plasma and breast cyst fluid of women with benign breast disease.  Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998 Jul;7(7):579-83  Columbia University School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, New York, New York 10032, USA.

Blondell JM.  Pesticides and breast cancer, popcorn and colorectal cancer: innovation versus fashion in dietary epidemiology.  Med Hypotheses 1983 Oct;12(2):191-4

Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC, Andersen HR, Rasmussen TH, Vinggaard AM.  Effect of highly bioaccumulated polychlorinated biphenyl congeners on estrogen and androgen receptor activity.  Toxicology 2001 Feb 14;158(3):141-53 Unit of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Aarhus, Building 260, Vennelyst Boulevard 6, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark.  ebj@mil.au.dk

Bradlow HL, Davis DL, Lin G, Sepkovic D, Tiwari R.  Effects of pesticides on the ratio of 16 alpha/2-hydroxyestrone: a biologic marker of breast cancer risk.  Environ Health Perspect 1995 Oct;103 Suppl 7:147-50 Strang-Cornell Cancer Research Laboratory, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Brown NM, Manzolillo PA, Zhang JX, Wang J, Lamartiniere CA.  Prenatal TCDD and predisposition to mammary cancer in the rat.  Carcinogenesis. 1998 Sep;19(9):1623-9. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA.

Calle EE, Frumkin H, Henley SJ, Savitz DA, Thun MJ.  Organochlorines and breast cancer risk.  CA Cancer J Clin 2002 Sep-Oct;52(5):301-9  Comment in:  CA Cancer J Clin. 2002 Sep-Oct;52(5):253-5. American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Charles MJ, Schell MJ, Willman E, Gross HB, Lin Y, Sonnenberg S, Graham ML.  Organochlorines and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in cancerous and noncancerous breast tissue: do the data support the hypothesis that oxidative DNA damage caused by organochlorines affects breast cancer?  Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2001 Oct;41(3):386-95  Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, USA. mjcharles@ucdavis.edu

Charlier C, Plomteux G.  Environmental chemical pollution and toxic risk for humans: the particular role of organochlorine pesticides. [Article in French]  Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 2002 Jan-Feb;60(1):37-46 Service de toxicologie clinique, Laboratoire de Toxicologie clinique, Tour II 5e etage, CHU - B35, B 4000 Liege (Belgique).

Connor K, Ramamoorthy K, Moore M, Mustain M, Chen I, Safe S, Zacharewski T, Gillesby B, Joyeux A, Balaguer P.  Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as estrogens and antiestrogens: structure-activity relationships.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1997 Jul;145(1):111-23 Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4466, USA.

Cooper GS, Savitz DA, Millikan R, Chiu Kit T.  Organochlorine exposure and age at natural menopause.  Epidemiology 2002 Nov;13(6):729-33 Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA. cooper1@niehs.nih.gov

Coumoul X, Diry M, Robillot C, Barouki R.  Differential regulation of cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1 by a combination of dioxin and pesticides in the breast tumor cell line MCF-7.  Cancer Res. 2001 May 15;61(10):3942-8.  Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U490, Universite Rene Descartes, 45 rue du Saints-Peres 75270 Paris Cedex, France.

Davidson NE.  Environmental estrogens and breast cancer risk.  Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Sep;10(5):475-8  Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Department of Oncology, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.

Demers A, Ayotte P, Brisson J, Dodin S, Robert J, Dewailly E.  Plasma concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and the risk of breast cancer: a congener-specific analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2002 Apr 1;155(7):629-35  Department of Preventive Oncology and Epidemiology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg,  Manitoba, Canada

Desaulniers D, Leingartner K, Russo J, Perkins G, Chittim BG, Archer MC, Wade M, Yang J.  Modulatory effects of neonatal exposure to TCDD, or a mixture of PCBs, p,p'-DDT, and p-p'-DDE, on methylnitrosourea-induced mammary tumor development in the rat.  Environ Health Perspect 2001 Jul;109(7):739-47 Environmental and Occupational Toxicology Division, Bureau of Chemical Hazards, Department of Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0L2. Daniel_Desaulniers@hc-sc.gc.ca

DeVoto E, Fiore BJ, Millikan R, Anderson HA, Sheldon L, Sonzogni WC, Longnecker MP.  Correlations among human blood levels of specific PCB congeners and implications for epidemiologic studies.  Am J Ind Med 1997 Dec;32(6):606-13 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.

Dewailly E, Dodin S, Verreault R, Ayotte P, Sauve L, Morin J, Brisson J.   High Organochlorine Body Burden in Women with Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer  Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 86, No. 3, pages 232-234, 13 references, 1994

Djordjevic MV, Hoffmann D, Fan J, Prokopczyk B, Citron ML, Stellman SD.  Assessment of chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in adipose breast tissue using a supercritical fluid extraction method.  Carcinogenesis 1994 Nov;15(11):2581-5 Division of Environmental Carcinogenesis, American Health Foundation, Valhalla, NY.

Dorgan JF, Brock JW, Rothman N, Needham LL, Miller R, Stephenson HE Jr, Schussler N, Taylor PR.  Serum organochlorine pesticides and PCBs and breast cancer risk: results from a prospective analysis (USA).  Cancer Causes Control 1999 Feb;10(1):1-11 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7374, USA.

Du K, Chu S, Xu X.  Stimulation of MCF-7 cell proliferation by low concentrations of Chinese domestic polychlorinated biphenyls.  J Toxicol Environ Health A 2000 Oct 13;61(3):201-7 Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Falck F Jr, Ricci A Jr, Wolff MS, Godbold J, Deckers P.  Pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in human breast lipids and their relation to breast cancer.  Arch Environ Health 1992 Mar-Apr;47(2):143-6 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Fielden MR, Chen I, Chittim B, Safe SH, Zacharewski TR.  Examination of the estrogenicity of 2,4,6,2',6'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 104), its hydroxylated metabolite 2,4,6,2',6'-pentachloro-4-biphenylol (HO-PCB 104), and a further chlorinated derivative, 2,4,6,2',4',6'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 155).  Environ Health Perspect 1997 Nov;105(11):1238-48 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.

Gammon MD, Wolff MS, Neugut AI, Eng SM, Teitelbaum SL, Britton JA, Terry MB, Levin B, Stellman SD, Kabat GC, Hatch M, Senie R, Berkowitz G, Bradlow HL, Garbowski G, Maffeo C, Montalvan P, Kemeny M, Citron M, Schnabel F, Schuss A, Hajdu S, Vinceguerra V, Niguidula N, Ireland K, Santella RM.  Environmental toxins and breast cancer on Long Island. II. Organochlorine compound levels in blood.  Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002 Aug;11(8):686-97 Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7435, USA. gammon@email.unc.edu

Gammon MD, Wolff MS, Neugut AI, Terry MB, Britton JA, Greenebaum E, Hibshoosh H, Levin B, Wang Q, Santella RM.  Treatment for breast cancer and blood levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons.  Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996 Jun;5(6):467-71 Division of Epidemiology, Columbia University School of Public Health, New York, New York 10032, USA.

Gammon MD, Wolff MS, Neugut AI, Terry MB, Papadopoulos K, Levin B, Wang Q, Santella RM.  Temporal variation in chlorinated hydrocarbons in healthy women.  Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1997 May;6(5):327-32 Divisions of Epidemiology, Columbia School of Public Health, New York, New York 10032, USA.

Gierthy JF, Arcaro KF, Floyd M.  Assessment of PCB estrogenicity in a human breast cancer cell line.  Chemosphere 1997 Mar-Apr;34(5-7):1495-505 Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany 12201-0509, USA.

GORT SM, RENE VAN DER HOFF G, BAUMANN RA, VAN ZOONEN P, MARTIN-MORENO JM, VAN'T VEER P.   Determination of p,p'-DDE and PCBs in adipose tissues using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled on-line to capillary GC: The EURAMIC study.   Source: HRC JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; 20 (3). 1997. 138-142.  Author Address: Natl. Inst. Public Health and Environ., P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. 

Graham ML.  Pilot Study to Explore Linkages Among Isomers of Organochlorines, Promutagenic DNA Lesions and Breast Cancer Using Sensitive Techniques of Analytical Chemistry.  Source: Govt Reports Announcements & Index (GRA&I), Issue 06, 1998. Author Address: North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. 

Guttes S, Failing K, Neumann K, Kleinstein J, Georgii S, Brunn H.  Chlororganic pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in breast tissue of women with benign and malignant breast disease.  Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1998 Jul;35(1):140-7 Staatl. Medizinal-, Lebensmittel- und Veterinaruntersuchungsamt Mittelhessen, Marburger Str. 54, D-35396 Giessen, Germany.

Hardell L, Lindstrom G, Liljegren G, Dahl P, Magnuson A.  Increased concentrations of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in cases with breast cancer--results from a case-control study.  Eur J Cancer Prev 1996 Oct;5(5):351-7 Department of Oncology, Orebro Medical Center, Sweden.

HARRISON P TC, HOLMES P, HUMFREY C DN.  Reproductive health in humans and wildlife: Are adverse trends associated with environmental chemical exposure?  Source: SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT; 205 (2-3). 1997. 97-106.  Author Address: Med. Res. Council Inst. Environ. Health, Univ. Leicester, 94 Regent Road, Leicester LE1 7DD, UK. 

Hatakeyama M, Matsumura F.  Correlation between the activation of Neu tyrosine kinase and promotion of foci formation induced by selected organochlorine compounds in the MCF-7 model system.  J Biochem Mol Toxicol 1999;13(6):296-302   Department of Environmental Toxicology and the Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.

Helzlsouer KJ, Alberg AJ, Huang HY, Hoffman SC, Strickland PT, Brock JW, Burse VW, Needham LL, Bell DA, Lavigne JA, Yager JD, Comstock GW.  Serum concentrations of organochlorine compounds and the subsequent development of breast cancer.  Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1999 Jun;8(6):525-32 Department of Epidemiology, School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.

Holford TR, Zheng T, Mayne ST, Zahm SH, Tessari JD, Boyle P.  Joint effects of nine polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners on breast cancer risk.  Int J Epidemiol 2000 Dec;29(6):975-82  Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA.

Houghton DL, Ritter L.  Organochlorine Residues and Risk of Breast Cancer. Source: Journal of the American College of Toxicology, Vol. 14, No. 2, pages 71-89, 83 references, 1995 

Hoffmann W.   Organochlorine Compounds: Risk of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Breast Cancer?  Source: Archives of Environmental Health, Vol. 51, No. 3, pages 189-192, 42 references, 1996 

Hoyer AP, Jorgensen T, Brock JW, Grandjean P.  Organochlorine exposure and breast cancer survival.  J Clin Epidemiol 2000 Mar 1;53(3):323-30  The Center of Preventive Medicine, KAS Glostrup, Denmark and Copenhagen Center for Prospective Population Studies, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. APH@Post8.tele.dle

Hoyer AP, Jorgensen T, Grandjean P, Hartvig HB.  Repeated measurements of organochlorine exposure and breast cancer risk (Denmark).  Cancer Causes Control 2000b Feb;11(2):177-84   Copenhagen Center for Prospective Populations Studies, Denmark. APH@post8.tele.dk

Hoyer AP, Grandjean P, Jorgensen T, Brock JW, Hartvig HB.  Organochlorine compounds and breast cancer--is there a connection between environmental pollution and breast cancer? [Article in Danish] Ugeskr Laeger 2000 Feb 14;162(7):922-6  H:S Kommunehospitalet, Hovedstadens Center for Prospektive Befolkningsstudier. APH@post8.tele.dk

Hunter DJ, Hankinson SE, Laden F, Colditz GA, Manson JE, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Wolff MS.  Plasma organochlorine levels and the risk of breast cancer.  N Engl J Med 1997 Oct 30;337(18):1253-8  Comment in:  N Engl J Med. 1997 Oct 30;337(18):1303-4.      N Engl J Med. 1998 Apr 2;338(14):988-9; discussion 991.  N Engl J Med. 1998 Apr 2;338(14):988; discussion 991.  N Engl J Med. 1998 Apr 2;338(14):989; discussion 991.      N Engl J Med. 1998 Apr 2;338(14):990-1.  N Engl J Med. 1998 Apr 2;338(14):990; discussion 991. N Engl J Med. 1998 Apr 2;338(14):990; discussion 991.  Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

HSU J-T, YING C, LAN H-C.   The effects of pesticides chlordane, dieldrin and endosulfan on the growth of human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and SK-BR-3. Source: JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL SOCIETY; 36 (6). 1998. 535-546.  Author Address: Dep. Microbiol., Soochow Univ. Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan. 

IARC.   Polychlorinated biphenyls (Group 2A).  Source: TA:IARC Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans  PG:322-6 YR:1987 IP: VI:Suppl. 7 

Kang KS, Wilson MR, Hayashi T, Chang CC, Trosko JE.  Inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication in normal human breast epithelial cells after treatment with pesticides, PCBs, and PBBs, alone or in mixtures.  Environ Health Perspect 1996 Feb;104(2):192-200 Department of Pediatrics/Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.

Kim MY, Dubin N.  Study design and sample size considerations for half-life studies.  Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1996 Mar;30(3):423-9 Institute of Environmental Medicine and Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, NY 10010, USA.

Kim MY.  Utilizing Serial Measures of Breast Cancer Risk Factors.  Source: Govt Reports Announcements & Index (GRA&I), Issue 18, 1996. Author Address: New York Univ. Medical Center, NY. 

Klinge CM, Bowers JL, Kulakosky PC, Kamboj KK, Swanson HI.  The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)/AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT) heterodimer interacts with naturally occurring estrogen response elements.  Mol Cell Endocrinol 1999 Nov 25;157(1-2):105-19 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, KY 40292, USA. carolyn.klinge@louisville.edu

Kramer VJ, Helferich WG, Bergman A, Klasson-Wehler E, Giesy JP.  Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites are anti-estrogenic in a stably transfected human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cell line.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1997 Jun;144(2):363-76  Pesticide Research Center and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1222, USA. rahvjk@rohmhaas.com

Krieger N, Wolff MS, Hiatt RA, Rivera M, Vogelman J, Orentreich N.  Breast cancer and serum organochlorines: a prospective study among white, black, and Asian women.  J Natl Cancer Inst 1994 Apr 20;86(8):589-99 Comment in:  J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994 Apr 20;86(8):572-3.  J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994 Apr 20;86(8):576-7.   J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994 Aug 17;86(16):1255-6.   J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994 Jul 20;86(14):1094-6.  Division of Research, Kaiser Foundation Research Institute, Oakland, Calif. 94611.

Krishnan V, Safe S.  Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) as antiestrogens in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells: quantitative structure-activity relationships.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1993 May;120(1):55-61 Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843.

Laden F, Ishibe N, Hankinson SE, Wolff MS, Gertig DM, Hunter DJ, Kelsey KT.  Polychlorinated biphenyls, cytochrome P450 1A1, and breast cancer risk in the Nurses' Health Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002 Dec;11(12):1560-5 Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. francine.laden@channing.harvard.edu

Laden F, Collman G, Iwamoto K, Alberg AJ, Berkowitz GS, Freudenheim JL, Hankinson SE, Helzlsouer KJ, Holford TR, Huang HY, Moysich KB, Tessari JD, Wolff MS, Zheng T, Hunter DJ.  1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene and polychlorinated biphenyls and breast cancer: combined analysis of five U.S. studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001 May 16;93(10):768-76  Comment in:  J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002 Sep 4;94(17):1337-8; discussion 1338-9.  Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. francine.laden@channing.harvard.edu

Laden F, Hankinson SE, Wolff MS, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Hunter DJ.  Plasma organochlorine levels and the risk of breast cancer: an extended follow-up in the Nurses' Health Study.  Int J Cancer 2001 Feb 15;91(4):568-74 Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA. francine.laden@channing.harvard.edu

Laden F, Neas LM, Spiegelman D, Hankinson SE, Willett WC, Ireland K, Wolff MS, Hunter DJ.  Predictors of plasma concentrations of DDE and PCBs in a group of U.S. women.  Environ Health Perspect 1999 Jan;107(1):75-81 Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA.

Letcher RJ, Lemmen JG, van der Burg B, Brouwer A, Bergman A, Giesy JP, van den Berg M.  In vitro antiestrogenic effects of aryl methyl sulfone metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene on 17beta-estradiol-induced gene expression in several bioassay systems.  Toxicol Sci 2002 Oct;69(2):362-72   Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands. letcher@uwindsor.ca

Liljegren G, Hardell L, Lindstrom G, Dahl P, Magnuson A.  Case-control study on breast cancer and adipose tissue concentrations of congener specific polychlorinated biphenyls, DDE and hexachlorobenzene.  Eur J Cancer Prev 1998 Apr;7(2):135-40 Department of Surgery, Orebro Medical Centre, Sweden.

Lopez-Carrillo L, Lopez-Cervantes M, Torres-Sanchez L, Blair A, Cebrian ME, Garcia RM.  Serum levels of beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, hexachlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyls and breast cancer in Mexican women.  Eur J Cancer Prev 2002 Apr;11(2):129-35  Erratum in: Eur J Cancer Prev 2002 Aug;11(4):407  National Institute of Public Health, Mexico Secretariat of Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. lizbeth@insp3.insp.mx

Lucena RA, Allam MF, Costabeber IH, Villarejo ML, Navajas RF.  Breast cancer risk factors: PCB congeners.  Eur J Cancer Prev 2001 Feb;10(1):117-9 Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Spain. srlanlum@lucano.uco.es

Maack CA, Silva MH, Petrakis NL, Lee RE, Lyon M.  Procarcinogen activation by rat and human mammary extracts.  Carcinogenesis 1986 Jun;7(6):899-905

MacKenzie SA, Thomas T, Umbreit TH, Gallo MA.  The potentiation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity by tamoxifen in female CD1 mice.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1992 Sep;116(1):101-9.  Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers University/UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway 08854-5635.

Manz A, Berger J, Dwyer JH, Flesch-Janys D, Nagel S, Waltsgott H.  Cancer mortality among workers in chemical plant contaminated with dioxin.  Lancet. 1991 Oct 19;338(8773):959-64. Comment in: Lancet. 1991 Dec 21-28;338(8782-8783):1592.  Lancet. 1991 Nov 30;338(8779):1393.  Centre for Chemical Workers' Health, Department of Health, Hamburg, Germany.

Martin FL, Cole KJ, Weaver G, Grover PL, Phillips DH.  Genotoxicity of human milk extracts and detection of DNA damage in exfoliated cells recovered from breast milk [corrected and republished in Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999 Jun 7;259(2):319-26].  Source: Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999 Apr 13;257(2):319-26. Author Address: Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom.

Martin FL, Carmichael PL, Crofton-Sleigh C, Venitt S, Phillips DH, Grover PL.  Genotoxicity of human mammary lipid.  Source: Cancer Res 1996 Dec 1;56(23):5342-6 Author Address: Haddow Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom. FLMartin@icr.ac.uk

Mayes BA, McConnell EE, Neal BH, Brunner MJ, Hamilton SB, Sullivan TM, Peters AC, Ryan MJ, Toft JD, Singer AW, Brown JF Jr, Menton RG, Moore JA.  Comparative carcinogenicity in Sprague-Dawley rats of the polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures Aroclors 1016, 1242, 1254, and 1260.  Toxicol Sci 1998 Jan;41(1):62-76 General Electric Corporate Research & Development, Schenectady, New York, USA.

Millikan R, DeVoto E, Duell EJ, Tse CK, Savitz DA, Beach J, Edmiston S, Jackson S, Newman B.  Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene, polychlorinated biphenyls, and breast cancer among African-American and white women in North Carolina.  Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000 Nov;9(11):1233-40  Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7400, USA.

Moore M, Mustain M, Daniel K, Chen I, Safe S, Zacharewski T, Gillesby B, Joyeux A, Balaguer P.  Antiestrogenic activity of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl congeners identified in human serum.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1997 Jan;142(1):160-8 Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4466, USA.

Moysich KB, Ambrosone CB, Mendola P, Kostyniak PJ, Greizerstein HB, Vena JE, Menezes RJ, Swede H, Shields PG, Freudenheim JL.  Exposures associated with serum organochlorine levels among postmenopausal women from western New York State. Am J Ind Med 2002 Feb;41(2):102-10 Department of Cancer Prevention, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14226, USA. kirsten.moysich@roswellpark.org

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Table of Contents

Introduction

Summary of Study Results

Studies of Breast Cancer, PCBs and Dioxin (128 studies in 2 parts)

Links to More Information

References