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Skin Absorption and Damage
from PCBs
Back to Skin Absorption and Damage from PCBs Table of Contents Links to More Information Chloracne description – Agent Orange Debrief http://www.goiv.com/ao/chloracne.html Chloracne – New Zealand Dermatological Society http://www.dermnet.org.nz/index.html Chloracne description – Oklahoma Agent Orange Foundation http://www.okagentorangefound.org/pages/chlor.html Chloracne – U.S. Veterans’ Information (non-governmental) http://www.tpromo.com/usvi/agent-d2.htm Chloracne --- Agent Orange Brief, U.S. Veterans’ Administration http://www.va.gov/agentorange/aob/D02brief.PDF Chloracne description http://www.medic-planet.com/MP_article/internal_reference/Chloracne Chloracne description http://www.angelfire.com/nv/bulldogleader/Chloracne.html Acquavella JF, Hanis NM, Nicolich MJ, Phillips SC. Assessment of Clinical, Metabolic, Dietary, and Occupational Correlations with Serum Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels Among Employees at an Electrical Capacitor Manufacturing Plant. Journal of Occupational Medicine, Vol. 28, No. 11, pages 1177-1180, 16 references, 1986 Ahlborg UG, Brouwer A, Fingerhut MA, Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW, Kennedy SW, Kettrup AAF, Koeman JH, Poiger H, Rappe C, Safe SH, Seegal RF, Tuomisto J, van den Ber M. Impact of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls on Human and Environmental Health, with Special Emphasis on Application of the Toxic Equivalency Factor Concept. European Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 228, No. 4, pages 179-199, 185 ref., 1992 Ancona A. Occupational Acne. Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, Vol. 1, No. 2, pages 229-243, 25 ref., 1986 Arnold DL, Mes J, Bryce F, Karpinski K, Bickis MG, Zawidzka ZZ, Stapley R. A Pilot Study on the Effects of Aroclor 1254 Ingestion by Rhesus and Cynomolgus Monkeys as a Model for Human Ingestion of PCBs. Food and Chemical Toxicology, Vol. 28, No. 12, pages 847-857, 55 references, 1990 Asahi M, Urabe H. A Case of "Yusho"-Like Skin Eruptions Due to Halogenated PCB-Analogue Compounds. Chemosphere, Vol. 16, Nos. 8/9, pages 2069-2072, 1 reference, 1987 Bennett BG. Exposure Of Man To Environmental PCBs An Exposure Commitment Assessment. Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 29, No. 1, pages 101-111, 23 references, 1983 Brown JF Jr, Lawton RW, Ross MR, Feingold J, Wagner RE, Hamilton SB. Persistence of PCB Congeners in Capacitor Workers and Yusho Patients. Source: Chemosphere, Vol. 19, Nos. 1-6, pages 829-834, 19 references, 1989 Chase KH, Wong O, Thomas D, Berney BW, Simon RK. Clinical and metabolic abnormalities associated with occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Journal of Occupational Medicine Feb. 1982, Vol.24, No.2, p.109-114. 14 ref. Christiani DC, Kriebel D, Fox NJ, Baker EL. Persistently Elevated Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels From Residual Contamination of Workplace Surfaces. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Vol. 10, No. 2, pages 143-151, 38 references, 1986 Crow K. Chloracne: the chemical disease. New Sci 78(1098): 78-80 1978a. Author Address: Princess Margaret Hosp., Swindon, England Crow KD. Chloracne An Up to Date Assessment. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Vol. 21, No. 3, pages 297-298, 1978b Crow KD. Cutaneous Effects Of Chloracneigens. Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds, pages 525-533, 41 references, 1982 Deadman JE, Church G, Bradley C, Armstrong B, Theriault G. Retrospective Estimation of Exposures to Confirmed or Suspected Carcinogens in an Electrical Utility. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Vol. 10, No. 10, pages 856-869, 22 references, 1995 EPA Region 5, Anonymous. Superfund Record of Decision: Midco I, IN. (First Remedial Action), June 1989. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (GRA&I), Issue 03, 1990 Author Address: Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. Fischbein A, Wolff MS. Conjugal Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Vol. 44, No. 4, pages 284-286, 14 references, 1987 Fishbein L. Toxicity of chlorinated biphenyls. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol.14: 139-156; 1974 (REF:108) FISHER HL, SHAH PV, SUMLER MR, HALL LL. IN-VIVO AND IN-VITRO DERMAL PENETRATION OF 2 4 5 2' 4' 5' HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL IN YOUNG AND ADULT RATS. ENVIRON RES; 50 (1). 1989. 120-139. GARNER CE, MATTHEWS HB. The effect of chlorine substitution on the dermal absorption of polychlorinated biphenyls. TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY; 149 (2). 1998. 150-158. Author Address: Lab. Pharmacol. and Chem., National Inst. Environmental Health Sci., P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Guo YL, M.L. Yu, C.C. Hsu, and W. J. Rogan. Chloracne, Goiter, Arthritis, and Anemia after Polychlorinated Biphenyl Poisoning: 14-Year Follow-Up of the Taiwan Yucheng Cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 107, Number 9, September 1999 HARA I. HEALTH STATUS AND PCBS IN BLOOD OF WORKERS EXPOSED TO PCBS AND OF THEIR CHILDREN. ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT. 1985, 59:85-90 Higuchi K. Outline. PCB Poisoning and Pollution, Higuchi, K. (Ed.), New York, Academic Press, 1976, pages 3-85, 3 references, 1976 HUGHES MF, SHRIVASTAVA SP, SUMLER MR, EDWARDS BC, GOODWIN JH, SHAH PV, FISHER HL, HALL LL. Dermal absorption of chemicals: Effect of application of chemicals as a solid, aqueous paste, suspension, or in volatile vehicle. J TOXICOL ENVIRON HEALTH; 37 (1). 1992. 57-71. Author Address: ManTech Environ. Technol. Inc., P.O. Box 12313, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Imamura M, Tung T-C. A Trial Of Fasting Cure For PCB-Poisoned Patients In Taiwan. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Vol. 5, No. 1, pages 147-153, 12 references, 1984 James RC, Busch H, Tamburro CH, Roberts SM, Schell JD, Harbison RD. Polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and human disease Journal of Occupational Medicine Feb. 1993, Vol. 35, No. 2, p.136-148. 58 ref. Kikuchi M, Masuda Y. Pathology of Yusho. PCB Poisoning and Pollution, New York, Academic Press, 1976, Higuchi, K. (Ed.): pages 69-86, 31 references, 1976 Kominsky JR. Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. HETA-85-072-1850, Seattle Public Schools, Seattle, Washington. Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch, NIOSH, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Cincinnati, Ohio, Report No. HETA-85-072-1850, 29 pages, 14 references, 1987a Kominsky JR. Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. HETA-86-112-1819, Commercial Office Buildings, Santa Fe, New Mexico Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch, NIOSH, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Cincinnati, Ohio, Report No. HETA-86-112-1819, 30 pages, 15 references, 1987b Kunita N, Hori S, Obana H, Otake T, Nishimura H, Kashimoto T, Ikegami N. Biological Effect of PCBs, PCQs and PCDFs Present in the Oil Causing Yusho and Yu-Cheng. Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 59, pages 79-84, 23 references, 1985 Kuratsune M, Masuda Y. Polychlorinated Biphenyls In Non-Carbon Copying Paper. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan, 4 pages, March, 1990 Lang V. Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Environment. Journal of Chromatography, Vol. 595, Nos. 1/2, pages 1-43, 465 ref., 1992 Lees PSJ, Breysse PN. Final Report on Industrial Hygiene Assessment. PCB Exposure of GSA Switchgear Operators. Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, The Johns Hopkins University, School of.Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 83 pages, 2 references, 1983 Lees PSJ, Corn M, Breysse PN. Evidence for Dermal Absorption as the Major Route of Body Entry During Exposure of Transformer Maintenance and Repairmen to PCBs. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Vol. 48, No. 3, pages 257-264, 24 references, 1987 Lemen RA. NIOSH Comments to EPA on the Environmental Protection Agency Proposed Rule on Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Exclusions, Exemptions and Use Authorizations by R. A. Lemen, September 4, 1987. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (GRA&I), Issue 13, 1991 Author Address: National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. Lione A. Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Reproduction . Reproductive Toxicology, Vol. 2, No. 2, pages 83-89, 48 references, 1988 MATTHEWS H. BIOAVAILABILITY OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS FROM SOIL Crisp Data Base National Institutes of Health. Author Address: NIEHS, NIH Mazzuckelli LF, Schulte PA. Notification of Workers about an Excess of Malignant Melanoma: A Case Study. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Vol. 23, No. 1, pages 85-91, 10 references, 1993 Michaud JM, Huntley SL, Sherer RA, Gray MN, Paustenbach DJ. PCB and dioxin re-entry criteria for building surfaces and air. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol; VOL 4, ISS 2, 1994, P197-227. Author Address: McLarenart Environmental Engineering ChemRisk Division, Portland, Maine, USA. Miyata H, Fukushima S, Kashimoto T, Kunita N. PCBs, PCQs and PCDFs in Tissues of Yusho and Yu-Cheng Patients. Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 59, pages 67-72, 18 ref., 1985 Netherlands. Corporate Name: Labour Inspectorate (Arbeidsinspectie). Safe work with PCBs and equipment containing PCBs. Directoraat-Generaal van de Arbeid, Postbus 69, 2270 MA Voorburg, Netherlands, 1985. 44p.Illus. Nessel CS, Gallo MA. Dioxins and Related Compounds. Environmental Toxicants. Human Exposures and Their Health Effects, M. Lippmann, Editor; New York, New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, pages 163-183, 148 references, 1992 NIOSH. Anonymous. Current Intelligence Bulletin 45, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB's): Potential Health Hazards form Electrical Equipment Fires or Failures. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (GRA&I), Issue 20, 1986. Author Address: National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. Polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs. Source: Safety Practitioner May 1987, Vol.4, No.5, p.28-29. 16 ref. O'Keefe PW, Silkworth JB, Gierthy JF, Smith RM, DeCaprio AP, Turner JN, Eadon G, Hilker DR, Aldous KM, Kaminsky LS, Collins DN. Chemical And Biological Investigations Of A Transformer Accident At Binghamton, N.Y. Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 60, pages 201-209, 17 references, 1985 Perkins JL, Knight VB. Risk Assessment of Dermal Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls Permeating a Polyvinyl Chloride Glove American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Vol. 50, No. 3, pages A171-A172, 6 references, 1989. Popp W, Vahrenholz C, Kraus R, Norpoth K. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and reproduction disturbances. Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed 1993 Mar;193(6):528-56. Author Address: Institut fur Hygiene und Arbeitsmedizin, Universitat Essen, GHS. Putzrath RM. Use of Risk Assessment in Evaluating Remediation of PCBs. Conference on Chemical Risk Assessment in the Department of Defense (DoD): Science, Policy, and Practice, H. J. Clewell, III, Editor; Cincinnati, Ohio, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc., 1992 pages 81-85, 16 references Qiao G, Riviere JE. Dermal absorption and tissue disposition of 3,3',4, 4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) in an ex-vivo pig model: assessing the impact of dermal exposure variables. Int J Occup Environ Health; VOL 6, ISS 2, 2000, P127-37. Author Address: NIOSH, Centers for Disease Control, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA.gaq1@cdc.gov Rappe C, Nygren M, Marklund S, Keller L-O, Bergqvist P-A, Hansson M. Assessment Of Human Exposure To Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans And Dioxins. Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 60, pages 303-304, 4 ref., 1985 Russell DL. PCB'S: THE PROBLEM SURROUNDING US AND WHAT MUST BE DONE. Pollution Engineering 9(8):34-35; 1977. (4 ref.) Safe S. Toxicology, Structure-Function Relationship, and Human and Environmental Health Impacts of Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Progress and Problems. Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 100, pages 259-268, 153 references, 1993 SCHMID P, BUHLER F, SCHLATTER C. Dermal absorption of PCB in man. CHEMOSPHERE; 24 (9). 1992. 1283-1292. Author Address: Inst. Toxicol., Swiss Federal Inst. Technol., University Zurich Schorenstr. 16,CH-8603 Schwerzenbach, Switz. SEPPALAINEN AM, VUOJOLAHTI P, ELO O. REVERSIBLE NERVE LESIONS AFTER ACCIDENTAL POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL EXPOSURE. SCAND. J. WORK ENVIRON. HEALTH 1985, 11(2):91-95 Shah PV, Fisher HL, Sumler MR, Monroe RJ, Chernoff N, Hall LL. Comparison of the Penetration of 14 Pesticides Through the Skin of Young and Adult Rats. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Vol. 21, No. 3, pages 353-366, 19 references, 1987 SILKWORTH J, MCMARTIN D, DECAPRIO A, REJ R, O'KEEFE P, KAMINSKY L. Acute toxicity in guinea pigs and rabbits of soot from a polychlorinated biphenyl-containing transformer fire. TOXICOL APPL PHARMACOL; 65 (3). 1982. 425-439. Author Address: Cent. Labs. Res., N.Y. State Dep. Health, Albany, N.Y. 12201. SLAYTON TM, VALBERG PA, WAIT AD. Estimating dermal transfer from PCB-contaminated porous surfaces. CHEMOSPHERE; 36 (14). 1998. 3003-3014. Author Address: Gradient Corp., 44 Brattle Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Starek A. An outline of chloro-organic compound toxicology. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 1996;47(1):1-12. Author Address: ZakÈad Biochemii Toksykologicznej, Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Jagielloänskiego w Krakowie. Surber C, Wilhelm K-P, Maibach HI, Hall LL, Guy RH. Partitioning of Chemicals into Human Stratum Corneum: Implications for Risk Assessment following Dermal Exposure. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, Vol. 15, No. 1, pages 99-107, 25 ref., 1990 Takamatsu M, Oki M, Maeda K, Inoue Y, Hirayama H, Yoshizuka K. Surveys of workers occupationally exposed to PCBs and of yusho patients. Environ Health Perspect; VOL 59, 1985, P91-7 Vos JG, Beems RB. Dermal Toxicity Studies Of Technical Polychlorinated Biphenyls And Fractions Thereof In Rabbits. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Vol. 19, pages 617-633, 35 references, 1971 VOS JG, NOTENBOOM-RAM E. Comparative toxicity study of 2,4,5,2', 4', 5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl and a polychlorinated biphenyl mixture in rabbits. TOXICOL APPL PHARMACOL; 23 (4). 1972 (RECD 1973) 563-578 Walsh JF, Klemp MT. Risk Assessment for PCB Releases from Natural Gas Transmission and Distribution. Topical Report. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (GRA&I), Issue 07, 1993. Author Address: Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA. Wester RC, Bucks DAW, Maibach HI, Anderson J. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): Dermal Absorption, Systemic Elimination, And Dermal Wash Efficiency. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Vol. 12, No. 4, pages 511-519, 17 ref, 1983 Wester RC, Maibach HI. Percutaneous Absorption Relative to Occupational Dermatology. Occupational and Industrial Dermatology, Second Edition, H. I. Maibach, Editor; Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, pages 241-257, 35 references, 1987 Wester RC, Maibach HI, Bucks DAW, McMaster J, Mobayen M, Sarason R, Moore A. Percutaneous Absorption and Skin Decontamination of PCBs: In Vitro Studies with Human Skin and In Vivo Studies in the Rhesus Monkey. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Vol. 31, No. 4, pages 235-246, 13 references, 1990 Wester RC, Maibach HI, Sedik L, Melendres J, Wade M. Percutaneous absorption of PCBs from soil: in vivo rhesus monkey, in vitro human skin, and binding to powdered human stratum corneum. J Toxicol Environ Health; VOL 39, ISS 3, 1993, P375-82. Author Address: Department of Dermatology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco 94102. Wolff MS. Occupational Exposure To Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 60, pages 133-138, 16 references, 1985 Yaffe BA, Reeder BA. An epidemiologic assessment of exposure of children to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a Toronto community. Can J Public Health; VOL 80, ISS 5, 1989, P325-9 Go to
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