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PCB Human Health Risks |
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Links to More Information on Lung Cancer
References - PCBs and Lung Cancer
Allen JR, Norback DH. Carcinogenic Potential of the Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Origins of Human Cancer. Book A. Incidence of Cancer in Humans, H. H. Hiatt, J. D. Watson, and J. A. Winsten, Editors; Cold Spring Harbor Conferences on Cell Proliferation, Vol. 4, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, pages 173-186, 51 references, 1977 Andersson O, Lund J, Ripe E. A Binding-Protein for the PCB-Metabolite 4,4'-Bis(methylsulfonyl)-2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: Characterization in Bronchoalveolar Lavage from Healthy Smokers and Non-Smokers. Chemosphere, Vol. 16, Nos. 8/9, pages 1667-1670, 14 references, 1987 Anderson LM, Hecht SS, Dixon DE, Dove LF, Kovatch RM, Amin S, Hoffmann D, Rice JM. Evaluation of the transplacental tumorigenicity of the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in mice. Cancer Res 1989a Jul 15;49(14):3770-5. Author Address: Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21701. Anderson LM, Hecht SS, Hoffmann D, Rice JM. Evaluation of the transplacental tumorigenicity of the tobacco-specific carcinogen, 4-(methyl-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in mice. Toxicologist 1989b Feb/Mar;9(1):125. Author Address: Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, NCI, Frederick, MD. Anderson LM, Jones AB, Miller MS, Chauhan DP. Metabolism of transplacental carcinogens. IARC Sci Publ 1989c(96):155-88. Author Address: Division of Cancer Etiology National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD. Anderson LM, Beebe LE, Fox SD, Issaq HJ, Kovatch RM. Promotion of Mouse Lung Tumors by Bioaccumulated Polychlorinated Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Experimental Lung Research, Vol. 17, No. 2, pages 455-471, 37 references, 1991 Anderson LM, Kim YE, Amin S, Beebe LE. Promotion of NDMA- or NNK-initiated mouse tumors by Aroclor 1254. Toxicologist 1993 Mar;13(1):293. Author Address: NCI-FCRDC, Frederick, MD. Anderson LM, Logsdon D, Ruskie S, Fox SD, Issaq HJ, Kovatch RM, Riggs CM. Promotion by Polychlorinated Biphenyls of Lung and Liver Tumors in Mice. Carcinogenesis, Vol. 15, No. 10, pages 2245-2248, 21 references, 1994 ANDERSON LM. METABOLIC AND PHARMACOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS IN PERINATAL CARCINOGENESIS Crisp Data Base National Institutes Of Health. Author Address: NCI, NIH ANDERSON LM. SENSITIVITY FACTORS IN SPECIAL CARCINOGENESIS MODELS Crisp Data Base National Institutes Of Health. Author Address: NCI, NIH BECHER R, LAG M, MIKALSEN A, BJORGE C, HOLME J, SODERLUND E, BRUNBORG G, HUITFELDT HS, ALEXANDER J, NESNOW S, et al. DIFFERENTIAL METABOLIC ACTIVATION OF CARCINOGENS, INDUCTION OF DNA DAMAGE AND EXPRESSION OF P450 ENZYMES IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF LUNG CELLS. PROC 83RD ANNU MEET AMER ASSOC CANCER RES 1992 MAR;33:157 Author Address: NATL. INST. PUBL. HEALTH, OSLO, NORWAY. BEEBE L, FOX SD, RIGGS CW, PARK SS, GELBOIN HV, ISSAQ HJ, ANDERSON LM. Persistent effects of a single dose of Aroclor 1254 on cytochromes P450IA1 and IIB1 in mouse lung. TOXICOL APPL PHARMACOL; 114 (1). 1992. 16-24. Author Address: Lab. Comparative Carcinogenesis, Natl. Cancer Inst., Frederick Cancer Res. Dev. Cent., Building 538, Room 205-E, Frederick, Md. 21702. Beebe LE, Kim YE, Amin S, Riggs CW, Kovatch RM, Anderson LM. Comparison of Transplacental and Neonatal Initiation of Mouse Lung and Liver Tumors by N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and Promotability by a Polychlorinated biphenyl mixture (Aroclor 1254). Carcinogenesis, Vol. 14, No. 8, pages 1545-1548, 21 references, 1993 BEEBE LE, FORNWALD LW, RIGGS CW, ANDERSON LM. Suppression of pulmonary P4502b and induction of hepatic, intestinal and kidney P4501a-1 and 1a-2 in the Ah-responsive and non-responsive mouse by Aroclor 1254. XENOBIOTICA; 25 (6). 1995a. 541-551. Author Address: Lab. Comparative Carcinogenesis, Natl. Cancer Inst. Frederick Cancer Res. Dev. Cent., Frederick, MD 21702, USA BEEBE LE, FORNWALD LW, ALWORTH WL, DRAGNEV KH, LUBET RA. Effect of dietary Aroclor 1254 exposure on lung and kidney cytochromes P450 in female rats: Evidence for P4501A2 expression in kidney. CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS; 97 (3). 1995b. 215-227. Author Address: Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis., Natl. Cancer Inst.-Frederick Cancer Res. Dev. Cent., Frederick, MD 21702, USA. Beland FA. Role of ring oxidation in the metabolic activation of 1-nitropyrene. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 1991 Dec(46):1-22; discussion 23-33. Author Address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock. Benson JM, Royer RE, Galvin JB, Shimizu RW. Metabolism of phenanthridine to phenanthridone by rat lung and liver microsomes after induction with benzo[a]pyrene and Aroclor. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1983 Mar 30;68(1):36-42 Bertazzi PA, Riboldi L, Pesatori A, Radice L, Zocchetti C. Cancer Mortality of Capacitor Manufacturing Workers. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Vol. 11, No. 2, pages 165-176, 50 references, 1987 BOND JA. Some biotransformation enzymes responsible for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism in rat nasal turbinates: Effects on enzyme activities of in vitro modifiers and intraperitoneal and inhalation exposure of rats to inducing agents. CANCER RES; 43 (10). 1983. 4805-4811. Author Address: Inhalation Toxicol. Res. Inst., Lovelace Biomed. Environ. Res. Inst., P.O. Box 5890, Albuquerque, N.M. 87185. Brandt I, Bergman A. PCB Methyl Sulphones and Related Compounds: Identification of Target Cells and Tissues in Different Species. Chemosphere, Vol. 16, Nos. 8/9, pages 1671-1676, 23 references, 1987 Brandt-Rauf PW, Niman HL. Serum Screening for Oncogene Proteins in Workers Exposed to PCBs. Source: British Journal of Industrial Medicine, Vol. 45, No. 10, pages 689-693, 17 references, 1988 D'Agostini F, Balansky RM, Bennicelli C, Lubet RA, Kelloff GJ, De Flora S. Pilot studies evaluating the lung tumor yield in cigarette smoke-exposed mice. Int J Oncol 2001 Mar;18(3):607-15. Department of Health Sciences, Section of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. DE FLORA S, MUGNOLI A. Relationship between mutagenic potency, reversion mechanism and metabolic behavior within a class of chemicals (hydrazine derivatives). CANCER LETT; 12 (4). 1981. 279-286. Author Address: Inst. Hygiene, Univ. Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy. De Flora S, Morelli A, Zanacchi P, Bennicelli C, De Flora A. Selective deactivation of ICR mutagens as related to their distinctive pulmonary carcinogenicity. Carcinogenesis 1982;3(2):187-94 Delclos KB, el-Bayoumy K, Casciano DA, Walker RP, Kadlubar FF, Hecht SS, Shivapurkar N, Mandal S, Stoner GD. Metabolic activation of 6-nitrochrysene in explants of human bronchus and in isolated rat hepatocytes. Cancer Res 1989 Jun 1;49(11):2909-13. Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. DeMarini DM, Shelton ML, Levine JG. Mutation spectrum of cigarette smoke condensate in Salmonella: comparison to mutations in smoking-associated tumors. Carcinogenesis 1995 Oct;16(10):2535-42.Author Address: Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. De Vito MJ, Maier WE, Diliberto JJ, Birnbaum LS. Comparative Ability of Various PCBs, PCDFs, and TCDD to Induce Cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1A2 Activity following 4 Weeks of Treatment. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, Vol. 20, No. 1, pages 125-130, 16 references,1993 Domin BA, Devereux TR, Philpot RM. The Cytochrome P-450 Monooxygenase System of Rabbit Lung: Enzyme Components, Activities, and Induction in the Nonciliated Bronchiolar Epithelial (Clara) Cell, Alveolar Type II Cell, and Alveolar Macrophage. Molecular Pharmacology, Vol. 30, No. 3, pages 296-303, 36 reference, 1986 Dow Chemical. LETTER FROM DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY TO USEPA REGARDING INFORMATION ON TCDD, CHLORINATED DIOXINS & PHENOLS, PBB AND PCB ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DATA WITH ATTACHMENTS. Source: EPA/OTS; Doc #88-7800209 Fishbein L. Toxicity of chlorinated biphenyls. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol.14: 139-156; 1974(REF:108) Gangarosa MA, Stoming TA. The Metabolism Of 3-Methylcholanthrene By Liver And Lung Microsomes: Effect On Enzyme Inducing Agents. Cancer Letters, Vol. 20, pages 323-331, 14 references, 1983 Granberg AL, Brunstrom B, Brandt I. Cytochrome P450-dependent binding of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and benz. Arch Toxicol 2000 Dec;74(10):593-601. Department of Environmental Toxicology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Sweden. GUO Z, SMITH TJ, THOMAS PE, YANG CS. Metabolism of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone by inducible and constitutive cytochrome P450 enzymes in rats. ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS; 298 (1). 1992. 279-286. Author Address: Lab. Cancer Res., Coll. Pharmacy, Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, N.J. 08855-0789, USA. Gustafsson J-A.Receptor-Mediated Toxicity. Toxicology Letters, Vol. 82/83, pages 465-470, 24 references, 1995 Gustavsson P, Hogstedt C, Rappe C. Short-Term Mortality and Cancer Incidence in Capacitor Manufacturing Workers Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Vol. 10, No. 4, pages 341-344, 8 references, 1986 HEJTMANCIK M. EVALUATION OF DIOXIN TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS. Crisp Data Base National Institutes Of Health Heussen GAH, Schefferlie GJ, Talsma MJG, van Til H, Dohmen MJW, Brouwer A, Alink GM. Effects on Thyroid Hormone Metabolism and Depletion of Lung Vitamin A in Rats by Airborne Particulate Matter. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Vol. 38, No. 4, pages 419-434, 43 references, 1993 Author Address: Dep. Toxicol., Agric. Univ., Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, Netherlands. HUTTON JJ, MEIER J, HACKNEY C. Comparison of the in vitro mutagenicity and metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine and benzo(alpha)pyrene in tissues from inbred mice treated with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene or polychlorinated biphenyls. MUTAT RES; 66 (1). 1979. 75-94. Author Address: Med. Serv., Veterans Adm. Hosp., Lexington, Ky. 40507, USA. IARC Anonymous. Polychlorinated biphenyls (Group 2A). TA:IARC Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans PG:322-6 YR:1987 IP: VI:Suppl. 7 JOHNSEN NM, SCHWARZE PE, NYHOLM SH, LAG M, BECHER R, BRUNBORG G, HOLME JA. Genotoxic effects of cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in different types of isolated rat lung cells. CARCINOGENESIS (OXFORD); 18 (1). 1997. 193-199. Author Address: Dep. Environmental Med., Natl. Inst. Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Torshov, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. Kikuchi M. Autopsy of patients with yusho. Am J Ind Med 1984;5(1-2):19-30 Kimbrough RD. Laboratory And Human Studies On Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) And Related Compounds. Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 59, pages 99-106, 77 references, 1985 KING LC, KOHAN MJ, BALL LM, LEWTAS J. Mutagenicity of 1-nitropyrene metabolites from lung S9. CANCER LETT; 22 (3). 1984. 255-262. Author Address: Genetic Toxicology Division, Health Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711, USA. Kuratsune, Nakamura, Ikeda, & Hirohata. 1987. "Analysis of Deaths Seen Among Patients with Yusho-A Preliminary Report," CHEMOSPHERE, 16:8/9, 2085. 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Health Perspect. 39: 79-91 1981 (59 References) Author Address: Pfizer Cent. Res. Labs, Groton, CT 06340 LUND J, BRANDT I, POELLINGER L, BERGMAN A, KLASSON-WEHLER E, GUSTAFSSON J-A. Target cells for the polychlorinated biphenyl metabolite 4,4'-bis(methylsulfonyl)-2-2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: Characterization of high affinity binding in rat and mouse lung cytosol. MOL PHARMACOL; 27 (2). 1985. 314-323. Author Address: Dep. Med. Nutrition, Karolinska Inst., Huddinge Univ. Hosp., F69, S-14186 Huddinge, Sweden. Lund J, Andersson O, Poellinger L, Gustafsson J-A. In Vitro Characterization of Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Selective In Vivo Accumulation of the PCB Metabolite 4,4'-bis(Methylsulphonyl)-2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in the Lung. Food and Chemical Toxicology, Vol. 24, Nos. 6/7, pages 563-566, 22 references, 1986 Lund J, Nordlund L, Devereux T, Glaumann H, Gustafsson J-A. Physicochemical and Immunochemical Characterization of a Binding-Protein for PCB Methyl Sulfones. Chemosphere, Vol. 16, Nos. 8/9, pages 1677-1680, 11 references, 1987 Lund J, Devereux T, Glaumann H, Gustafsson J-A. Cellular and Subcellular Localization of a Binding Protein for Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Rat Lung. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Vol. 16, No. 4, pages 590-599, 30 ref. 1988 Lund J, Nordlund L, Gustafsson J-A. Partial Purification of a Binding Protein for Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Rat Lung Cytosol: Physicochemical and Immunochemical Characterization. Biochemstry, Vol. 27, No. 20, pages 7895-7901, 35 references, 1988b Maack CA, Silva MH, Petrakis NL, Lee RE, Lyon M. Procarcinogen Activation by Rat and Human Mammary Extracts. Carcinogenesis, Vol. 7, No. 6, pages 899-905, 40 references, 1986 McCalla DR, Kaiser-Farrell C, Kerr A, Lockington JN, Gibson ES. Distribution Of Extractable Mutagenic Activity In Steel Foundry Air Particulates Of Different Sizes. Environmental Mutagenesis, Vol. 5, No. 6, pages 881-889, 15 references, 1983 MORI Y, TAKAHASHI H, TOYOSHI K, DENDA A, TAKAHASHI S, KONISHI Y, NIWA T. Mutagenicity of N-nitrosobis-(2-hydroxypropyl)amine and its related compounds in the presence of rat lung and liver S9. CANCER LETT; 18 (3). 1983. 271-276. Address: Lab. Radiochem., Gifu Coll. Pharmacy, 6-1, Mitahora-higashi 5-chome, Gifu 502. Mori Y, Yamazaki H, Toyoshi K, Maruyama H, Konishi Y. Activation Of Carcinogenic N-nitrosopropylamines To Mutagens By Lung And Pancreas S9 Fractions From Various Animal Species And Man. Mutation Research, Vol. 160, No. 3, pages 159-169, 46 references, 1986 Nakanishi Y, Shigematsu N, Kurita Y, Matsuba K, Kanegae H, Ishimaru S, Kawazoe Y. Respiratory Involvement and Immune Status in Yusho Patients. Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 59, pages 31-36, 20 references, 1985 NAKANISHI Y, SHIGEMATSU N. Carcinogenic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their derivatives, including carcinogenicity to the lung. FUKUOKA ACTA MED; 82 (5). 1991. 251-255. Author Address: Research Institute Diseases Chest, Faculty Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812. NAKANISHI Y, NOMOTO Y, MATSUKI A, KUNITAKE R, HARA N. Effect of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzofurans on leukocytes in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. FUKUOKA ACTA MEDICA; 86 (5). 1995. 261-266. Author Address: Res. Inst. Dis. Chest, Fac. Med., Kyushu Univ. 60, Fukuoka 812-82, Japan. Nakanishi Y, Bai F, Takayama K, Pei XH, Inoue K, Osaki S, Izumi M, Takaki Y, Hara N, Tokiwa H, Masuda Y. Effect of PCBs on mouse lung tumorigenesis induced by 1-nitropyrene: a preliminary report. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi 1999 May;90(5):231-7. Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka. NATH RG, RANDERATH E, RANDERATH K. 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Farmacol., Univ., Viale Benedetto XV, 2, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. PASQUINI R, SFORZOLINI GS, SAVINO A, ANGELI G, MONARCA S. Enzyme induction in rat lung and liver by condensates and fractions from main-stream and side-stream cigarette smoke. ENVIRON RES; 44 (2). 1987. 302-311. Author Address: dep. Hygiene, Univ. Perugia, Via del Gochetto, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Pereg D, Tampal N, Espandiari P, Robertson LW. Distribution and macromolecular binding of benzo[a]pyrene and two polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in female mice. Chem Biol Interact 2001 Sep 28;137(3):243-58. Graduate Center for Toxicology, 306 Health Sciences Research Building, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536-0305, USA. Petrilli FL, Rossi GA, Camoirano A, Romano M, Serra D, Bennicelli C, De Flora A, De Flora S. Metabolic Reduction of Chromium by Alveolar Macrophages and Its Relationships to Cigarette Smoke. Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol. 77, pages 1917-1924, 43 references, 1986 Polakoff PL. Attention Should Be Given To Limiting Firefighting Hazards. Occupational Health and Safety, Vol. 53, No. 4, pages 55-56, 1984 Preston BD, Miller EC, Miller JA. The activities of 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, its 3,4-oxide metabolite, and 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in tumor induction and promotion assays. Carcinogenesis 1985 Mar;6(3):451-3 Qu YH, Xu GX, Zhou JZ, Chen TD, Zhu LF, Shields PG, Wang HW, Gao YT. Genotoxicity of Heated Cooking Oil Vapors. Source: Mutation Research, Vol. 298, No. 2, pages 105-111, 13 references, 1992 RAMAKRISHNA G, ANDERSON LM. Levels and membrane localization of the c-K-ras p21 protein in lungs of mice of different genetic strains and effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and Aroclor 1254. CARCINOGENESIS (OXFORD); 19 (3). 1998. 463-470. Author Address: Lab. Comparative Carcinogenesis, Natl. Cancer Inst., Frederick Cancer Res. Dev. Cent., Frederick, MD 21702, USA. Sanderson W, Knutti E. 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Fukuoka Acta Medica, Vol. 65, pages 88-95, 17 references, 1974 SHIGEMATSU N, ISHIMARU S, SAITO R, IKEDA T, MATSUBA K, SUGIYAMA K, MASUDA Y. Respiratory involvement in polychlorinated biphenyls poisoning. ENVIRON RES; 16 (1-3). 1978 92-100. Author Address: Res. Inst. Dis. Chest, Kyushu Univ. Fac. Med., Fukuoka 812, Jpn. Shimada T,Yamazaki H, Mimura M, Guengerich FP. Rat pulmonary microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzymes involved in the activation of procarcinogens. Mutat Res 1992 Dec 16;284(2):233-41. Author Address: Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Japan. SKELLY MF, SHERTZER HG. Benzo(a)pyrene metabolism in the isolated perfused mouse lung. EXP LUNG RES; 5 (4). 1983. 259-268. Author Address: Department of Environmental Health, ML-56, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 3223 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267. STRIPP BR, LUND J, MANGO GW, DOYEN KC, JOHNSTON C, HULTENBY K, NORD M, WHITSETT JA. Clara cell secretory protein: A determinant of PCB bioaccumulation in mammals. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY; 271 (4 PART 1). 1996. L656-L664. Author Address: Dep. Environmental Medicine, Sch. Medicine Dentistry, Univ. Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. Tynes T, Reitan JB, Andersen A. Incidence of Cancer among Workers in Norwegian Hydroelectric Power Companies Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, Vol. 20, No. 5, pages 339-344, 29 references, 1994 VENG T-H, ALVARES AP. Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by lung microsomes from rabbits pretreated with polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran. LIFE SCI; 52 (2). 1993. 163-169. Author Address: Dep. Pharmacol., Uniformed Services Univ., Bethesda, Md. 20814-4799. VERSCHOYLE RD, CARTHEW P, WOLF CR, DINSDALE D. 1-Nitronaphthalene Toxicity in Rat Lung and Liver: Effects of Inhibiting and Inducing Cytochrome P450 Activity. TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY; 122 (2). 1993. 208-213. Author Address: MRC Toxicol. Unit, Woodmansterne Road, Carshalton, Surrey SM5 4EF, UK. WARSHAWSKY D. 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Med., Keio Univ., 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160, Jpn. Yoshimura H, Yoshihara S, Koga N, Nagata K, Wada I, Kuroki J, Hokama Y. Inductive effect on hepatic enzymes and toxicity of congeners of PCBs and PCDFs. Environ Health Perspect 1985 Feb;59:113-9 Zack, J.and D. Munsch, Mortality of PCB Workers at the Monsanto Plant in Sauget, Illinois (Dec. 14, 1979)(unpublished report), 3 Rec., Doc. No. 11. ZHU S, CUNNINGHAM ML, GRAY TE, NETTESHEIM P. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and transforming activity of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in rat tracheal epithelial cells. MUTAT RES; 261 (4). 1991. 249-260. Author Address: Lab. Pulmonary Pathobiol, National Inst. Environmental Health Sci., P.o. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709, USA.
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